Understanding Bereavement as a Component of Mood Disorders
In the United Kingdom, bereavement affects a significant portion of the population each year. According to recent statistics:
- Over half a million people in the UK are bereaved each year.
- Approximately 15% of bereaved individuals experience severe depression within the first year of their loss.
- Bereavement-related depression affects people of all ages, genders, and backgrounds.
Bereavement, the experience of losing a loved one, can profoundly impact an individual’s mental health and well-being. While grief is a natural response to loss, for some individuals, bereavement can trigger or aggravate mood disorders such as depression or anxiety. Understanding the relationship between bereavement and mood disorders is crucial for effective diagnosis and treatment.
Signs and symptoms of bereavement
Symptoms of bereavement may overlap with those of mood disorders, including:
- Persistent feelings of sadness or emptiness
- Difficulty concentrating or making decisions.
- Feeling constantly teary
- Changes in appetite or weight
- Insomnia or excessive sleeping
- Fatigue or loss of energy
- Feelings of guilt – feelings of ‘what if’, regretting things you did/did not say.
- Feelings of worthlessness, or hopelessness
- Loss of interest in activities once enjoyed.
- Thoughts of death or suicide
Diagnosis
How do you diagnose bereavement?
Diagnosing bereavement-related mood disorders involves assessing the duration, severity, and impact of symptoms. Mental health professionals may use criteria outlined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) to determine if an individual meets the criteria for depression or another mood disorder. It’s essential to distinguish between normal grief reactions and more severe or prolonged symptoms that may indicate a mood disorder requiring treatment.
Treatment for bereavement
Treatment for bereavement-related mood disorders often involves a combination of therapy and, in some cases, medication.
Cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT), interpersonal therapy (IPT), and grief counselling can help individuals process their emotions, develop coping strategies, and adjust to life without their loved one.
Antidepressant medications may be prescribed in cases where symptoms are severe or significantly impair functioning. These medications can help alleviate symptoms of depression or anxiety.
Joining bereavement support groups or attending group therapy sessions can provide individuals with a sense of community and understanding from others who have experienced similar losses.
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How can you help a bereaved friend or relative?
Supporting a bereaved friend or relative can be challenging, but your presence and compassion can make a significant difference in their healing process. Here are some ways you can help:
Simply being there for your friend or relative can provide immense comfort. Listen to their feelings and thoughts without judgement. Sometimes, your silent presence can be more comforting than words.
Let your friend or relative know that you understand and validate their feelings of sadness, anger, or confusion. Avoid minimising their grief or offering clichés like “they’re in a better place.” Instead, acknowledge the depth of their loss and offer your support.
Grieving is a deeply personal process that takes time. Be patient with your friend or relative as they navigate their emotions. Understand that grief doesn’t have a set timeline, and everyone experiences it differently.
Help with daily tasks such as cooking, cleaning, or running errands. Offer to accompany them to appointments or assist with paperwork if needed. Practical support can alleviate some of the burdens they may be facing during this difficult time.
Everyone copes with grief differently, so respect your friend or relative’s need for space or solitude if they express it. Let them lead the way in terms of what type of support they need from you.
Encourage your friend or relative to talk about their loved one and share memories. Reminiscing about happy times can be therapeutic and help keep the memory of their loved one alive.
Grief doesn’t end after the funeral or memorial service. Check in on your friend or relative regularly, even weeks or months after their loss. Let them know you’re there for them whenever they need to talk or lean on you for support.
Provide information about bereavement support groups, counselling services, or other resources that may be helpful for your friend or relative. Sometimes, professional support can complement the support provided by friends and family.
Local Support
In the UK, numerous organisations and resources are available to support individuals experiencing bereavement and mood disorders:
Cruse Bereavement Care
Offers free support, advice, and information for anyone who has experienced bereavement.
Samaritans
Provides confidential emotional support for individuals experiencing distress, including those struggling with grief and depression.
Local Mental Health Services
Contact your local NHS mental health services for information on available support groups, counselling services, and treatment options.
Seek Help Today
Bereavement is a significant life event that can profoundly impact an individual’s mental health. For some, the experience of loss may trigger or exacerbate mood disorders such as depression or anxiety. Recognising the signs and seeking support from mental health professionals and community resources is crucial for coping with grief and improving overall well-being. Through therapy, medication, and support networks, individuals can navigate the complex emotions of bereavement and find hope for the future.